'\" t
.\"     Title: apt-patterns
.\"    Author: Jason Gunthorpe
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 26\ \&December\ \&2021
.\"    Manual: APT
.\"    Source: APT 2.4.14
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "APT\-PATTERNS" "7" "26\ \&December\ \&2021" "APT 2.4.14" "APT"
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.SH "NAME"
apt-patterns \- Syntax and semantics of apt search patterns
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
Starting with version 2\&.0,
\fBAPT\fR
provides support for patterns, which can be used to query the apt cache for packages\&.
.SH "LOGIC PATTERNS"
.PP
These patterns provide the basic means to combine other patterns into more complex expressions, as well as
?true
and
?false
patterns\&.
.PP
?and(PATTERN, PATTERN, \&.\&.\&.), PATTERN PATTERN \&.\&.\&.
.RS 4
Selects objects where all specified patterns match\&.
.RE
.PP
?false, ~F
.RS 4
Selects nothing\&.
.RE
.PP
?not(PATTERN), !PATTERN
.RS 4
Selects objects where PATTERN does not match\&.
.RE
.PP
?or(PATTERN, PATTERN, \&.\&.\&.), PATTERN | PATTERN | \&.\&.\&.
.RS 4
Selects objects where at least one of the specified patterns match\&.
.RE
.PP
?true, ~T
.RS 4
Selects all objects\&.
.RE
.PP
(PATTERN)
.RS 4
Selects the same as
PATTERN, can be used to work around precedence, for example,
(~ramd64|~ri386)~nfoo
.RE
.SH "NARROWING PATTERNS"
.PP

.PP
?all\-versions(PATTERN)
.RS 4
Selects packages where all versions match PATTERN\&. When matching versions instead, same as PATTERN\&.
.RE
.PP
?any\-version(PATTERN)
.RS 4
Selects any version where the pattern matches on the version\&.
.sp
For example, while
?and(?version(1),?version(2))
matches a package which has one version containing 1 and one version containing 2,
?any\-version(?and(?version(1),?version(2)))
restricts the
?and
to act on the same version\&.
.RE
.PP
?narrow(PATTERN\&.\&.\&.)
.RS 4
Selects any version matching all PATTERNs, short for
?any\-version(?and(PATTERN\&.\&.\&.))\&.
.RE
.SH "PACKAGE PATTERNS"
.PP
These patterns select specific packages\&.
.PP
?architecture(WILDCARD), ~rWILDCARD
.RS 4
Selects packages matching the specified architecture, which may contain wildcards using any\&.
.RE
.PP
?automatic, ~M
.RS 4
Selects packages that were installed automatically\&.
.RE
.PP
?broken, ~b
.RS 4
Selects packages that have broken dependencies\&.
.RE
.PP
?config\-files, ~c
.RS 4
Selects packages that are not fully installed, but have solely residual configuration files left\&.
.RE
.PP
?essential, ~E
.RS 4
Selects packages that have Essential: yes set in their control file\&.
.RE
.PP
?exact\-name(NAME)
.RS 4
Selects packages with the exact specified name\&.
.RE
.PP
?garbage, ~g
.RS 4
Selects packages that can be removed automatically\&.
.RE
.PP
?installed, ~i
.RS 4
Selects packages that are currently installed\&.
.RE
.PP
?name(REGEX), ~nREGEX
.RS 4
Selects packages where the name matches the given regular expression\&.
.RE
.PP
?obsolete, ~o
.RS 4
Selects packages that no longer exist in repositories\&.
.RE
.PP
?upgradable, ~U
.RS 4
Selects packages that can be upgraded (have a newer candidate)\&.
.RE
.PP
?virtual, ~v
.RS 4
Selects all virtual packages; that is packages without a version\&. These exist when they are referenced somewhere in the archive, for example because something depends on that name\&.
.RE
.SH "VERSION PATTERNS"
.PP
These patterns select specific versions of a package\&.
.PP
?archive(REGEX), ~AREGEX
.RS 4
Selects versions that come from the archive that matches the specified regular expression\&. Archive, here, means the values after
a=
in
\fBapt\-cache policy\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
?codename(REGEX)
.RS 4
Selects versions that come from the codename that matches the specified regular expression\&. Codename, here, means the values after
n=
in
\fBapt\-cache policy\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
?origin(REGEX), ~OREGEX
.RS 4
Selects versions that come from the origin that matches the specified regular expression\&. Origin, here, means the values after
o=
in
\fBapt\-cache policy\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
?section(REGEX), ~sREGEX
.RS 4
Selects versions where the section matches the specified regular expression\&.
.RE
.PP
?source\-package(REGEX), ~eREGEX
.RS 4
Selects versions where the source package name matches the specified regular expression\&.
.RE
.PP
?source\-version(REGEX)
.RS 4
Selects versions where the source package version matches the specified regular expression\&.
.RE
.PP
?version(REGEX), ~VREGEX
.RS 4
Selects versions where the version string matches the specified regular expression\&.
.RE
.PP
?priority(NAME), ~pNAME
.RS 4
Selects versions where the Priority string equals the given name\&.
.RE
.SH "PACKAGE RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS"
.PP
These patterns match specific package versions that depend/conflict with some other packages\&.
.PP
?depends(PATTERN), ~DPATTERN, ?pre\-depends(PATTERN), ~DPre\-Depends:PATTERN, ?suggests(PATTERN), ~DSuggests:PATTERN, ?conflicts(PATTERN), ~DConflicts:PATTERN, ?replaces(PATTERN), ~DReplaces:PATTERN, ?obsoletes(PATTERN), ~DObsoletes:PATTERN, ?breaks(PATTERN), ~DBreaks:PATTERN, ?enhances(PATTERN), ~DEnhances:PATTERN
.RS 4
Selects versions depending/pre\-depending/suggesting/conflicting/etc on/with/ packages matching PATTERN\&.
.RE
.PP
?reverse\-\fIdepType\fR(PATTERN), ~R\fIDepType\fR:PATTERN
.RS 4
Opposite of
?depends
and friends \- selects all packages that have reverse\-dependencies (versions) matching PATTERN\&.
.sp
\fIdepType\fR
is one of the dependency types such as
depends, so that we don\*(Aqt have to repeat the entire list from the first paragraph here\&.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
apt remove ?garbage
.RS 4
Remove all packages that are automatically installed and no longer needed \- same as apt autoremove
.RE
.PP
apt purge ?config\-files
.RS 4
Purge all packages that only have configuration files left
.RE
.PP
apt list \*(Aq~i !~M (~slibs|~sperl|~spython)\*(Aq
.RS 4
List all manually\-installed packages in sections matching libs, perl, or python\&.
.RE
.SH "MIGRATING FROM APTITUDE"
.PP
Patterns in apt are heavily inspired by patterns in aptitude, but with some tweaks:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Syntax is uniform: If there is an opening parenthesis after a term, it is always assumed to be the beginning of an argument list\&.
.sp
In aptitude, a syntactic form
"?foo(bar)"
could mean
"?and(?foo,bar)"
if foo does not take an argument\&. In APT, this will cause an error\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Not all patterns are supported\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Some additional patterns are available, for example, for finding gstreamer codecs\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Escaping terms with
~
is not supported\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
A trailing comma is allowed in argument lists
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
?narrow accepts infinite arguments
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
foo
cannot be used as a shortform for
?name(foo), as this can cause typos to go unnoticed: Consider
?and(\&.\&.\&.,~poptional): this requires the package to have
required
priority, but if you do not type the
~, it would require the package name to contain
poptional\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Grouping patterns with
(\&.\&.\&.)
or writing
?or(A,B)
as
A|B
are not supported\&. We do not believe that the use of
|
is that common, and the grouping is not necessary without it\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
Dependency types for ~D and related operators need to be specified in the canonical case\&.
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
\fBapt-get\fR(8),
\fBapt\fR(8)
.SH "BUGS"
.PP
\m[blue]\fBAPT bug page\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2\&. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see
/usr/share/doc/debian/bug\-reporting\&.txt
or the
\fBreportbug\fR(1)
command\&.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
APT was written by the APT team
<apt@packages\&.debian\&.org>\&.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.PP
\fBJason Gunthorpe\fR
.RS 4
.RE
.PP
\fBAPT team\fR
.RS 4
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.IP " 1." 4
APT bug page
.RS 4
\%http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt
.RE
